熟女一区,日韩精品一区伦理视频,亚洲午夜精品无码专区在线观看,无码专区人妻系列日韩精品

  • 技術(shù)文章ARTICLE

    您當前的位置:首頁 > 技術(shù)文章 > 蝙蝠等野生動物能量代謝測量技術(shù)

    蝙蝠等野生動物能量代謝測量技術(shù)

    發(fā)布時間: 2020-02-10  點擊次數(shù): 2414次

        2019年歲末的一場新型冠狀病毒(2019-nCoV)肆虐讓整個華夏大地籠罩在恐慌之中。2020年1月23日中科院武漢病毒所研究發(fā)現(xiàn)新型冠狀病毒與此前在云南中菊頭蝠(Rhinolophus affinis)上檢測到的蝙蝠冠狀病毒RaTG13相比較具有96.2%的一致性。據(jù)此推測新型冠狀病毒起源于蝙蝠。國外大量研究報道證實蝙蝠確實是攜帶多病毒種類的哺乳動物之一,但是因為特殊體質(zhì)(高溫)和強大的免疫系統(tǒng),這些病毒并不能對蝙蝠造成傷害。而維持高體溫和增強免疫系統(tǒng)與新陳代謝(能量代謝)密切相關。

       SSI多功能創(chuàng)新型動物能量代謝監(jiān)測基于呼吸代謝室(metabolic chamber)技術(shù),系統(tǒng)主要由定制呼吸室、氣流發(fā)生控制與二次抽樣單元、氣體分析(氧氣、二氧化碳和水汽)單元、數(shù)據(jù)采集器,功能強大數(shù)據(jù)分析處理軟件等組成,可以備選溫度傳感器探針、溫濕度控制箱、動物活動度監(jiān)測器、動物行為記錄與分析單元、野生動物紅外熱成像單元、植入式溫度(心率)記錄儀等全面記錄動物的行為與生理參數(shù),廣泛用于動物呼吸生理學、腸道微生物能量代謝調(diào)節(jié),神經(jīng)與免疫代謝調(diào)節(jié),野生動物生理生態(tài)以及與微生物宿主的協(xié)同進化研究等。

     

    上圖為幾種動物的能量代謝測量研究(備注:左上圖的蜂鳥設計同樣適用于蝙蝠)

    典型應用一

    Interruption to cutaneous gas exchange is not a likely mechanism of WNS-associated death in bats[J],Carey C S, Boyles J G.. Journal of Experimental Biology, 2015, 218(13): 1986-1989.

     

    本文使用SSI能量代謝監(jiān)測技術(shù)研究了褐蝠患有白鼻綜合癥(WNS)后的皮膚脫水,以及呼吸代謝過程中的水分代謝、能量代謝情況,實驗測試了毀滅性肺孢子蟲感染可導致跨翼膜的被動氣體交換通路中斷,從而導致水強化肺呼吸代償性增加。           

    典型應用二

    WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME AND IMMUNE RESPONSES IN A RESISTANT BAT SPECIES (EPTESICUS FUSCUS)[J], Naffa K S.2019.

    本實驗通過SSI能量代謝技術(shù)測量了冬眠期的代謝率喚醒/遲鈍的模式(Fig3),以及利用敏感的數(shù)據(jù)記錄器記錄體溫(Fig2),研究了易感真菌Psuedogymnoascus destructans(Pd)患有WNS疾病蝙蝠免疫系統(tǒng)反應可能導致新陳代謝率的提高以使蝙蝠更頻繁地醒來。假設抗藥性蝙蝠不會產(chǎn)生免疫反應,但是如果它們真的產(chǎn)生免疫反應作為回應,假設蝙蝠接種了Pd并用抗炎藥治療治療不會對感染產(chǎn)生反應,終會保留脂肪儲備并降低冬眠期間的代謝消耗。

    典型應用三

    Short-term thermoregulatory adjustments in a South American anseriform, the black-necked swan (Cygnus melanocoryphus)[J],Nespolo R F, Artacho P, Verdugo C, et al. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2008, 150(3): 366-368.

     

    本文通過SSI能量代謝監(jiān)測研究黑頸天鵝短期熱應激后的能量代謝調(diào)節(jié),結(jié)果表明此種類天鵝與其它雁形目、雜色類鵝類相比較出現(xiàn)較低的靜息代謝率,以及黑頸天鵝在不同的溫度濕度環(huán)境下改變了“濕”熱導率。

    典型應用四

    Comparison between conventional and" clinical" assessment of experimental lung fibrosis[J],Ask K, Labiris R, Farkas L, et al.. Journal of translational medicine, 2008, 6(1): 16.

     

    本文通過SSI能量代謝監(jiān)測技術(shù)研究特發(fā)性肺纖維化動物的大耗氧量VO2max,將嚙齒動物置于在封閉的跑步機上以越來越快的速度跑連續(xù)測量氧氣和二氧化碳。大VO2平均減少了10%,但沒有達到統(tǒng)計顯著性。

     

    需要說明的是,北京易科泰生態(tài)技術(shù)有限公司作為美國SSI公司在中國的*家技術(shù)支持中心,積10多年的動物能量代謝監(jiān)測技術(shù)經(jīng)驗可以為各種動物(媒介昆蟲、哺乳動物、鳥類、海洋動物、經(jīng)濟動物、人體等)能量代謝監(jiān)測提供創(chuàng)新型專家型技術(shù)方案。

     

    參考文獻及資料(僅列出部分代表性文獻)

    • Ask K, Labiris R, Farkas L, et al. Comparison between conventional and" clinical" assessment of experimental lung fibrosis[J]. Journal of translational medicine, 2008, 6(1): 16.
    • Becker N I, Encarnação J A, Kalko E K V, et al. The effects of reproductive state on digestive efficiency in three sympatric bat species of the same guild[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2012, 162(4): 386-390.
    • Cabrera-Martínez L V, Cruz-Neto A P. The energetic cost of mounting an immune response for Pallas’s long-tongued bat (Glossophaga soricina)[J]. PeerJ, 2018, 6: e4627.
    • Carey C. Is disruption to passive gas-exchange a mechanism of dehydration for WNS-infected hibernating bats?[M]. Southern Illinois University at Carbondale, 2014.
    • Dechmann D K N, Wikelski M, van Noordwijk H J, et al. Metabolic costs of bat echolocation in a non-foraging context support a role in communication[J]. Frontiers in physiology, 2013, 4: 66.
    • Gearhart C, Adams A M, Pinshow B, et al. Evaporative water loss in Kuhl's pipistrelles declines along an environmental gradient, from mesic to hyperarid[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2020, 240: 110587.
    • Makanya A N, Mortola J P. The structural design of the bat wing web and its possible role in gas exchange[J]. Journal of Anatomy, 2007, 211(6): 687-697.
    • Meierhofer M B, Johnson J S, Field K A, et al. Bats recovering from white-nose syndrome elevate metabolic rate during wing healing in spring[J]. Journal of wildlife diseases, 2018, 54(3): 480-490.
    • Naffa K S. WHITE-NOSE SYNDROME AND IMMUNE RESPONSES IN A RESISTANT BAT SPECIES (EPTESICUS FUSCUS)[J]. 2019.
    • Nespolo R F, Artacho P, Verdugo C, et al. Short-term thermoregulatory adjustments in a South American anseriform, the black-necked swan (Cygnus melanocoryphus)[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2008, 150(3): 366-368.
    • Suarez R K, Welch Jr K C, Hanna S K. Flight muscle enzymes and metabolic flux rates during hovering flight of the nectar bat, Glossophaga soricina: further evidence of convergence with hummingbirds[J]. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology Part A: Molecular & Integrative Physiology, 2009, 153(2): 136-140.
    • Welman S, Tuen A A, Lovegrove B G. Using thermoregulatory profiles to assess climate change vulnerability in an arboreal tropical bat: heterothermy may be a pre-adaptive advantage[J]. Climate Research, 2017, 74(2): 161-170.